July
18
Nelson
Mandela International Day
18 July is "Nelson Mandela International
Day" , as declared by the United Nations
to honour Mandela's work for freedom
Events
July 18
390
BCE – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the
Allia – a Roman army is defeated by raiding
Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking
of Rome.
362 – Roman-Persian Wars: Emperor Julian
arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary
force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine
months to launch a campaign against the
Persian Empire.
1290 – King Edward I of England issues the
Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering
about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha
B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that
commemorates many Jewish calamities.
1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the
first foundation stone for the new campanile
(bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral,
designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
1389 – Kingdom of France and Kingdom of
England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem,
in inaugurating a 13-year peace; the longest
period of sustained peace during the Hundred
Years War.
1391 – Tokhtamysh-Timur War: Battle of the
Kondurcha River – Timur defeats Tokhtamysh
of the Golden Horde in present day southeast
Russia.
1555 – The College of Arms was reincorporated
by Royal Charter signed by Queen Mary I
of England and King Philip II of Spain.
1656 – Polish-Lithuanian forces clash with
Sweden and its Brandenburg allies in the
start of what is to be known as The Battle
of Warsaw which ends in a decisive Swedish
victory.
1812 – The Treaties of Orebro end both the
Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.
1857 – Louis Faidherbe, French governor
of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces
at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar
Tall's war against the French.
1862 – First ascent of Dent Blanche, one
of the highest summits in the Alps.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort
Wagner/Morris Island – the first formal
African American military unit, the 54th
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, fails
in their assault on Confederate-held Battery
Wagner.
1870 – The First Vatican Council decrees
the dogma of papal infallibility.
1914 – The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation
Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving definite
status to aircraft within the U.S. Army
for the first time.
1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes his personal
manifesto Mein Kampf.
1942 – World War II: the Germans test fly
the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its
jet engines for the first time.
1944 – World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns
as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous
setbacks in the war effort.
1955 – The first Disneyland theme park,
in Anaheim, California, officially opens
to the public.
1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched
from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that
includes docking with an orbiting Agena
target vehicle.
1968 – The Intel Corporation is founded
in Santa Clara, California.
1969 – After a party on Chappaquiddick Island,
Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives
an Oldsmobile off a bridge and his passenger,
Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.
1976 – Nadia Comăneci became the first person
in Olympic Games history to score a perfect
10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
1982 – 268 campesinos ("peasants"
or "country people") are slain
in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos
Montt's Guatemala.
1984 – McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro,
California: in a fast-food restaurant, James
Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people
and injuring 19 others before being shot
dead by police.
1986 – A tornado is broadcast live on KARE
television in Minnesota when the station's
helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.
1992 – The ten victims of the La Cantuta
massacre disappear from their university
in Lima.
1994 – The bombing of the Asociación Mutual
Israelita Argentina (Argentinian Jewish
Communal Center) in Buenos Aires kills 85
people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat,
the Soufriere Hills volcano erupts. Over
the course of several years, it devastates
the island, destroying the capital and forcing
most of the population to flee.
1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on
the Saguenay River, beginning one of Quebec's
costliest natural disasters ever: the Saguenay
Flood.
1996 – Battle of Mullaitivu. The Liberation
Tigers of Tamil Eelam capture the Sri Lanka
Army's base, killing over 1200 Army soldiers.
Holidays
and observances
Christian
Feast Day:
Arnulf of Metz
Camillus de Lellis (optional memorial, United
States only)
Frederick of Utrecht
Marina of Aguas Santas
Symphorosa
Teneu
July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Constitution Day (Uruguay)
Nelson Mandela International Day
For details, contact Datacentre
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