July
18
Nelson
Mandela International Day
18 July is "Nelson Mandela International Day" , as
declared by the United Nations to honour Mandela's work for
freedom
Events
July 18
390 BCE
– Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia – a Roman army is
defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking
of Rome.
362 – Roman-Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch
with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there
for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.
1290 – King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion,
banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this
was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates
many Jewish calamities.
1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone
for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral,
designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
1389 – Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England agree to the
Truce of Leulinghem, in inaugurating a 13-year peace; the longest
period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years War.
1391 – Tokhtamysh-Timur War: Battle of the Kondurcha River –
Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present day
southeast Russia.
1555 – The College of Arms was reincorporated by Royal Charter
signed by Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain.
1656 – Polish-Lithuanian forces clash with Sweden and its Brandenburg
allies in the start of what is to be known as The Battle of
Warsaw which ends in a decisive Swedish victory.
1812 – The Treaties of Orebro end both the Anglo-Russian and
Anglo-Swedish Wars.
1857 – Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives
to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj
Umar Tall's war against the French.
1862 – First ascent of Dent Blanche, one of the highest summits
in the Alps.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Wagner/Morris Island
– the first formal African American military unit, the 54th
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, fails in their assault on
Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
1870 – The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal
infallibility.
1914 – The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal
Corps, giving definite status to aircraft within the U.S. Army
for the first time.
1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
1942 – World War II: the Germans test fly the Messerschmitt
Me-262 using only its jet engines for the first time.
1944 – World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of
Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.
1955 – The first Disneyland theme park, in Anaheim, California,
officially opens to the public.
1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy
on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting
Agena target vehicle.
1968 – The Intel Corporation is founded in Santa Clara, California.
1969 – After a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Senator Ted Kennedy
from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a bridge and his
passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.
1976 – Nadia Comăneci became the first person in Olympic Games
history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer
Olympics.
1982 – 268 campesinos ("peasants" or "country
people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos
Montt's Guatemala.
1984 – McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: in a fast-food
restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people
and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.
1986 – A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota
when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.
1992 – The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappear
from their university in Lima.
1994 – The bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina
(Argentinian Jewish Communal Center) in Buenos Aires kills 85
people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufriere
Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates
the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population
to flee.
1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River,
beginning one of Quebec's costliest natural disasters ever:
the Saguenay Flood.
1996 – Battle of Mullaitivu. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil
Eelam capture the Sri Lanka Army's base, killing over 1200 Army
soldiers.
Holidays
and observances
Christian
Feast Day:
Arnulf of Metz
Camillus de Lellis (optional memorial, United States only)
Frederick of Utrecht
Marina of Aguas Santas
Symphorosa
Teneu
July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Constitution Day (Uruguay)
Nelson Mandela International Day
For details, contact Datacentre
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