October
29
Independence
Day
Turkey : 29 October 1923
Events
October
29
539
BC – Cyrus the Great enters the city of Babylon,
detains Nabonidus and ends the Babylonian
captivity. He gives the Jews permission to
return to Yehud province and to rebuild the
Temple; but most Jews choose to remain in
Babylon.
312 – Constantine the Great enters Rome after
his victory at the Milvian Bridge, stages
a grand adventus in the city, and is met with
popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished
out of the Tiber and beheaded.
437 – Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor,
marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin
Theodosius II, Eastern Roman Emperor in Constantinople
unifying the two branches of the House of
Theodosius.
969 – Byzantine troops occupy Antioch Syria.
1268 – Conradin, the last legitimate male
heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings
of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed
along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave
of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political
rival and ally to the hostile Roman Catholic
church.
1390 – First trial for witchcraft in Paris
leading to the death of three people.
1422 – Charles VII of France becomes king
in succession to his father Charles VI of
France.
1467 – Battle of Brustem: Charles the Bold
defeats Liege.
1611 – Russian homage to the King of Poland,
Sigismund III Vasa.
1618 – English adventurer, writer, and courtier
Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded for allegedly
conspiring against James I of England.
1658 – Battle of the Sound.
1665 – Battle of Ambuila, in which Portuguese
forces defeat the forces of the Kingdom of
Kongo and decapitated king Antonio I of Kongo,
also called Nvita a Nkanga.
1675 – Leibniz makes the first use of the
long s (∫) as a symbol of the integral in
calculus.
1787 – Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives
its first performance in Prague.
1792 – Mount Hood (Oregon) is named after
the British naval officer Alexander Arthur
Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton who spotted
the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette
River.
1863 – Eighteen countries meet in Geneva and
agree to form the International Red Cross.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie
– Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant
repel a Confederate attack led by General
James Longstreet. Union forces thus open a
supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.
1886 – The first ticker-tape parade takes
place in New York City when office workers
spontaneously throw ticker tape into the streets
as the Statue of Liberty is dedicated.
1888 – The Convention of Constantinople is
signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage
through the Suez Canal during war and peace.
1901 – In Amherst, Massachusetts nurse Jane
Toppan is arrested for murdering the Davis
family of Boston with an overdose of morphine.
1901 – Capital punishment: Leon Czolgosz,
the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley,
is executed by electrocution.
1918 – The German High Seas Fleet is incapacitated
when sailors mutiny on the night of the 29th-30th,
an action which would trigger the German Revolution
of 1918–1919.
1921 – The Link River Dam, a part of the Klamath
Reclamation Project, is completed.
1921 – Second trial of Sacco and Vanzetti
in the United States of America.
1921 – The Harvard University football team
loses to Centre College, ending a 25 game
winning streak. This is considered one of
the biggest upsets in college football.
1922 – The King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel
III, appoints Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister.
1923 – Turkey becomes a republic following
the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
1929 – The New York Stock Exchange crashes
in what will be called the Crash of '29 or
"Black Tuesday", ending the Great
Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the
Great Depression.
1941 – The Holocaust: In the Kaunas Ghetto
over 10,000 Jews are shot by German occupiers
at the Ninth Fort, a massacre known as the
"Great Action".
1942 – The Holocaust: In the United Kingdom,
leading clergymen and political figures hold
a public meeting to register outrage over
Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.
1944 – The city of Breda in the Netherlands
is liberated by 1st Polish Armoured Division.
1945 – Getulio Vargas, president of Brazil,
resigns.
1948 – Safsaf massacre.
1953 – BCPA Flight 304 DC-6 crashes near San
Francisco, California. Pianist William Kapell
is among the 19 killed.
1955 – The Soviet battleship Novorossiisk
strikes a World War II mine in the harbor
at Sevastopol.
1956 – Suez Crisis begins: Israeli forces
invade the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian
forces back toward the Suez Canal.
1956 – The Tangier Protocol is signed: The
international city Tangier is reintegrated
into Morocco.
1957 – Israel's prime minister David Ben-Gurion
and five of his ministers are injured when
a hand grenade is tossed into Israel's parliament,
the Knesset.
1960 – In Louisville, Kentucky, Cassius Clay
(who later takes the name Muhammad Ali) wins
his first professional fight.
1961 – Syria exits from the United Arab Republic.
1964 – The United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar is renamed the United Republic of
Tanzania.
1964 – A collection of irreplaceable gems,
including the 565 carat (113 g) Star of India,
is stolen by a group of thieves (among them
is "Murph the surf") from the American
Museum of Natural History in New York City.
1967 – London criminal Jack McVitie is murdered
by the Kray twins, leading to their eventual
imprisonment and downfall.
1967 – Montreal's World Fair, Expo 67, closes
with over 50 million visitors.
1969 – The first-ever computer-to-computer
link is established on ARPANET, the precursor
to the Internet.
1971 – In Macon, Georgia, guitarist Duane
Allman is killed in a motorcycle accident.
1980 – Demonstration flight of a secretly
modified C-130 for an Iran hostage crisis
rescue attempt ends in crash landing at Eglin
Air Force Base's Duke Field, Florida leading
to cancellation of Operation Credible Sport.
1980 – Mark David Chapman, John Lennon's murderer,
leaves for New York from his home in Hawaii.
1983 – Over 500,000 people demonstrate against
cruise missiles in The Hague, Netherlands.
1985 – Major General Samuel K. Doe is announced
the winner of the first multi-party election
in Liberia.
1986 – British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
opens the last stretch of the M25 motorway.
1991 – The American Galileo spacecraft makes
its closest approach to 951 Gaspra, becoming
the first probe to visit an asteroid.
1994 – Francisco Martin Duran fires over two
dozen shots at the White House (Duran is later
convicted of trying to kill US President Bill
Clinton).
1998 – Apartheid: In South Africa, the Truth
and Reconciliation Commission presents its
report, which condemns both sides for committing
atrocities.
1998 – Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off
on STS-95 with 77-year old John Glenn on board,
making him the oldest person to go into space.
1998 – ATSC HDTV broadcasting in the United
States is inaugurated with the launch of STS-95
space shuttle mission.
1998 – While en route from Adana to Ankara,
a Turkish Airlines flight with a crew of 6
and 33 passengers is hijacked by a Kurdish
militant who orders the pilot to fly to Switzerland.
The plane instead lands in Ankara after the
pilot tricked the hijacker into thinking that
he is landing in the Bulgarian capital of
Sofia to refuel.
1998 – Hurricane Mitch, the second deadliest
Atlantic hurricane in history, makes landfall
in Honduras.
1998 – The Gothenburg nightclub fire in Sweden
kills 63 and injures 200.
1999 – A large cyclone devastates Orissa,
India.
2002 – Ho Chi Minh City ITC Inferno, a fire
destroys a luxurious department store where
1500 people are shopping. Over 60 people die
and over 100 are unaccounted for. It is the
deadliest disaster in Vietnam during peacetime.
2004 – The Arabic news network Al Jazeera
broadcasts an excerpt from a video of Osama
bin Laden in which the terrorist leader first
admits direct responsibility for the September
11, 2001 attacks and references the 2004 U.S.
presidential election.
2004 – In Rome, European heads of state sign
the Treaty and Final Act establishing the
first European Constitution which, however,
failed to be ratified by all signatory countries
and therefore never entered into force.
2005 – Bombings in Delhi kill more than 60.
2008 – Delta Air Lines merges with Northwest
Airlines, creating the world's largest airline
and reducing the number of US legacy carriers
to 5.
Holidays
and observances
Christian
Feast Day:
Abraham of Rostov
Douai Martyrs
Gaetano Errico
James Hannington (Anglican Church)
Narcissus of Jerusalem (Roman Catholic Church)
October 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Coronation Day (Cambodia)
Republic Day or Cumhuriyet Bayramı (Turkey)
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