July
23
Events
July 23
1632 – Three
hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town
of Marstrand from Sweden.
1793 – Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
1821 – While Mora Rebellion continuing, Greeks captured Monemvasia
Castle and massacred nearly 3000 Turkish inhabitants.
1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the
typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
1833 – Cornerstones are laid for the construction of the Kirtland
Temple in Kirtland, Ohio.
1840 – The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
1862 – American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck takes command of
the Union Army.
1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop
of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa.
1881 – The Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
is signed in Buenos Aires.
1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
1908 – The Second Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.
1914 – Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia demanding
Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated
Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia will reject those demands and
Austria will declare war on July 28.
1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system
for recording sound onto film.
1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company
goes on the air in Bombay.
1929 – The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign
words.
1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
1940 – The United States' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles
issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the
Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic States:
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1942 – The Holocaust: the Treblinka extermination camp is opened.
1942 – World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss
and Operation Braunschweig begin.
1942 – Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov
is executed by firing squad.
1945 – The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain
begin.
1952 – The European Coal and Steel community is established.
1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement
(formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup)
in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in
Nicaragua.
1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic
television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
1962 – The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos
is signed.
1967 – 12th Street Riot: in Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst
riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the
predominantly African American inner city. It will leave 43
killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.
1968 – Glenville Shootout: in Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout
between a Black Militant organization led by Ahmed Evans and
the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout,
a riot begins and lasts for five days.
1968 – The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes
place when a Boeing 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers is
taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation
of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, Italy, to
Lod, Israel.
1970 – Qaboos ibn Sa’id becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing
his father, Sa’id ibn Taimur initiating massive reforms ;modernisation
programs and end to a decade long civil war.
1972 – The United States launch Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources
satellite.
1974 – The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime
Minister Constantine Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government.
1982 – The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial
whaling by 1985-86.
1983 – The Sri Lankan Civil War begins with the killing of 13
Sri Lanka Army soldiers by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Terrorist group. In the subsequent riots of Black July, about
1,000 Tamils are slaughtered, some 400,000 Tamils flee to neighbouring
Tamil Nadu, India and many find refuge in Europe and Canada.
1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel
and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
1984 – Vanessa Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign
when she surrenders her crown after nude photos of her appeared
in Penthouse magazine.
1986 – In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah
Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962,
resigns after pro-democracy protests.
1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes
that it is necessary to limit rights of homosexual people and
non-married couples.
1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
1995 – Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered; it will become visible
to the naked eye nearly a year later.
1997 – Digital Equipment Company files antitrust charges against
chipmaker Intel.
1999 – Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan is crowned King Mohammed
VI of Morocco on the death of his father.
1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh,
Egypt, killing 88 people.
Holidays
and observances
Birthday
of Haile Selassie (Rastafari movement)
Christian Feast Day:
Bridget of Sweden
Heiromartyr Phocas (Eastern Orthodox)
Liborius of Le Mans
July 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Neptunalia, in honor of Neptune. (Roman Empire)
Renaissance Day (Oman)
Revolution Day (Egypt)
For details, contact Datacentre
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