July
23
Events
July 23
1632
– Three hundred colonists bound for New France
depart from Dieppe, France.
1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures
the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
1793 – Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
1821 – While Mora Rebellion continuing, Greeks
captured Monemvasia Castle and massacred nearly
3000 Turkish inhabitants.
1829 – In the United States, William Austin
Burt patents the typographer, a precursor
to the typewriter.
1833 – Cornerstones are laid for the construction
of the Kirtland Temple in Kirtland, Ohio.
1840 – The Province of Canada is created by
the Act of Union.
1862 – American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck
takes command of the Union Army.
1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed
the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial
enclave of Goa.
1881 – The Boundary treaty of 1881 between
Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first
car.
1908 – The Second Constitution accepted by
the Ottomans.
1914 – Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum
to Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians
to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz
Ferdinand. Serbia will reject those demands
and Austria will declare war on July 28.
1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone
sound system for recording sound onto film.
1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting
Company goes on the air in Bombay.
1929 – The Fascist government in Italy bans
the use of foreign words.
1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist
Party of Catalonia is founded through the
merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
1940 – The United States' Under Secretary
of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration
on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the
Soviet annexation and incorporation of three
Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1942 – The Holocaust: the Treblinka extermination
camp is opened.
1942 – World War II: The German offensives
Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig
begin.
1942 – Bulgarian poet and Communist leader
Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.
1945 – The post-war legal processes against
Philippe Pétain begin.
1952 – The European Coal and Steel community
is established.
1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free
Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser,
the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing
King Farouk of Egypt.
1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation
Front is founded in Nicaragua.
1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted,
live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring
Walter Cronkite.
1962 – The International Agreement on the
Neutrality of Laos is signed.
1967 – 12th Street Riot: in Detroit, Michigan,
one of the worst riots in United States history
begins on 12th Street in the predominantly
African American inner city. It will leave
43 killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings
burned.
1968 – Glenville Shootout: in Cleveland, Ohio,
a violent shootout between a Black Militant
organization led by Ahmed Evans and the Cleveland
Police Department occurs. During the shootout,
a riot begins and lasts for five days.
1968 – The only successful hijacking of an
El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707
carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers is taken
over by three members of the Popular Front
for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft
was en route from Rome, Italy, to Lod, Israel.
1970 – Qaboos ibn Sa’id becomes Sultan of
Oman after overthrowing his father, Sa’id
ibn Taimur initiating massive reforms ;modernisation
programs and end to a decade long civil war.
1972 – The United States launch Landsat 1,
the first Earth-resources satellite.
1974 – The Greek military junta collapses,
and former Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis
is invited to lead the new government.
1982 – The International Whaling Commission
decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
1983 – The Sri Lankan Civil War begins with
the killing of 13 Sri Lanka Army soldiers
by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Terrorist
group. In the subsequent riots of Black July,
about 1,000 Tamils are slaughtered, some 400,000
Tamils flee to neighbouring Tamil Nadu, India
and many find refuge in Europe and Canada.
1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143
runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing
at Gimli, Manitoba.
1984 – Vanessa Williams becomes the first
Miss America to resign when she surrenders
her crown after nude photos of her appeared
in Penthouse magazine.
1986 – In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York
marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of
Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy
protests.
1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph
Ratzinger, establishes that it is necessary
to limit rights of homosexual people and non-married
couples.
1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from
Georgia.
1995 – Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered; it will
become visible to the naked eye nearly a year
later.
1997 – Digital Equipment Company files antitrust
charges against chipmaker Intel.
1999 – Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan
is crowned King Mohammed VI of Morocco on
the death of his father.
1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo,
Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay
area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88
people.
Holidays
and observances
Birthday
of Haile Selassie (Rastafari movement)
Christian Feast Day:
Bridget of Sweden
Heiromartyr Phocas (Eastern Orthodox)
Liborius of Le Mans
July 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Neptunalia, in honor of Neptune. (Roman Empire)
Renaissance Day (Oman)
Revolution Day (Egypt)
For details, contact Datacentre
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